Frankenstein And Society Essays - Frankenstein,

Frankenstein And Society Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley is a complex novel that was written during the age of Romanticism. It contains many typical themes of a common Romantic novel such as dark laboratories, the moon, and a monster. However, Frankenstein is anything but a common novel. Many lessons are embedded into this novel, including how society acts towards the different. The monster fell victim to the system commonly used to characterize a person by only his or her outer appearance. Whether people like it or not, society always summarizes a person's characteristics by his or her physical appearance. Society has set an unbreakable code individuals must follow to be accepted. Those who don't follow the "standard" are hated by the crowd and banned for the reason of being different. When the monster ventured into a town"...he had hardly placed his foot within the door before the children shrieked, and one women fainted" (Shelley 101). From that moment on he realized that people did not like his appearance and hated him because of it. If villagers didn't run away at the sight of him, then they might have even enjoyed his personality. The monster tried to accomplish this when he encountered the De Lacey family. The monster hoped to gain friendship from the old man and eventually his children. He knew that it could have been possible because the old man was blind, he could not see the monster's repulsive characteristics. But fate was against him and the miserable had barely conversed with the old man before his children returned from their journey and saw a monstrous creature at the foot of their father attempting to do harm to the helpless elder. "Felix darted forward, and with supernatural force tore the creature from his father" (Shelly 129). Felix's action caused great inner pain to the monster. He knew that his dream of living with them "happily ever after" would not happen. After that bitter moment the monster believed that "the human senses are insurmountable barriers to our union"(Shelly 138) and with the De Lacey encounter still fresh in his mind along with his first encounter of humans, he declared war on the human race. The monster's source of hatred toward humans originates from his first experiences with humans. In a way the monster started out with a child-like innocence that was eventually shattered by being constantly rejected by society time after time. His first encounter with humans was when he opened his eyes for the first time and witnessed Victor Frankenstein, his creator, rush out of the laboratory. Would this have had happened if society did not consider physical appearance to be important? No. If physical appearance were not important then the creature would have had a chance of being accepted into the community with love and care. But society does believe that physical appearance is important and it does influence the way people act towards each other. Frankenstein shouldn't have made him if even he, the creator, could not stand his disgusting appearance. There was a moment however when Frankenstein "was moved" (Shelly 139) by the creature. Frankenstein "felt what the duties of a creator" (Shelly 97) were and decided that he had to make another creature, a companion for the original. But haunting images of his creation gave him an instinctive feeling that the monster would do frightening acts with his companion, wreaking twice the havoc the monster has caused. Reoccurring images of painful events originating from a first encounter could fill a person with hate and destruction. We as a society are the ones responsible for the transformation of the once child-like creature into the monster we all know. The public needs to know that our society has flaws and they must be removed before our primal instincts continue to isolate and hurt the people who are different. With such a large amount of technology among us, some people may wonder why such an advanced civilization still clings on to such primitive ways of categorizing people.

Free Essays on The Kazakhs

The Kazakhs, a Turkic people, are the second largest Muslim people group of Central Asia. In the past, they were perhaps the most influential of the various Central Asian ethnic groups. From their earliest history the Kazakhs were nomads, following their herds across the Central Asian steppes from summer mountain pastures to winter valleys. In the 13th century Genghis Khan brought an influx of Turkic Mongol tribes that displaced the original inhabitants of the Kazakh steppe. Then, after the end of the Mongolian Empire, the Uzbek Empire arose in Kazakhstan. While most of this tribal federation moved south into the present-day Uzbekistan some tribes split away and remained behind. They were called Kazakh. So the difference between Uzbeks and Kazakhs is primarily political, not ethnic, although today their languages and cultures differ. There are now over 10 million Kazakhs in the world; 7.9 million live in Kazakhstan, making up 48.3% of the population, 1.2 million live in China, 808,00 0 in Uzbekistan, 636,000 in Russia, and there are smaller communities in Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey. The basic unit of traditional Kazakh society is the extended family called the ayul (camp). This is led by an Aksakal (white beard). Several ayuls form a zhuz (tribe) and all members claim descent from a common male ancestor, seven generations back. The tribes are divided among three Hordes: The Great Horde, the Central Horde, and the Minor Horde. Kazakhs believe they are all one family; so when two Kazakhs meet, their relationship will be established from their family trees straight away. Kinship has out-workings in marriage, politics and hospitality. When guests are being entertained, places of honour and delicacies are distributed according to rank. Members of the Great Horde are held in special esteem. Kazakhs see themselves not as individuals but as part of the group. From an early age children are taught ... Free Essays on The Kazakhs Free Essays on The Kazakhs The Kazakhs, a Turkic people, are the second largest Muslim people group of Central Asia. In the past, they were perhaps the most influential of the various Central Asian ethnic groups. From their earliest history the Kazakhs were nomads, following their herds across the Central Asian steppes from summer mountain pastures to winter valleys. In the 13th century Genghis Khan brought an influx of Turkic Mongol tribes that displaced the original inhabitants of the Kazakh steppe. Then, after the end of the Mongolian Empire, the Uzbek Empire arose in Kazakhstan. While most of this tribal federation moved south into the present-day Uzbekistan some tribes split away and remained behind. They were called Kazakh. So the difference between Uzbeks and Kazakhs is primarily political, not ethnic, although today their languages and cultures differ. There are now over 10 million Kazakhs in the world; 7.9 million live in Kazakhstan, making up 48.3% of the population, 1.2 million live in China, 808,00 0 in Uzbekistan, 636,000 in Russia, and there are smaller communities in Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey. The basic unit of traditional Kazakh society is the extended family called the ayul (camp). This is led by an Aksakal (white beard). Several ayuls form a zhuz (tribe) and all members claim descent from a common male ancestor, seven generations back. The tribes are divided among three Hordes: The Great Horde, the Central Horde, and the Minor Horde. Kazakhs believe they are all one family; so when two Kazakhs meet, their relationship will be established from their family trees straight away. Kinship has out-workings in marriage, politics and hospitality. When guests are being entertained, places of honour and delicacies are distributed according to rank. Members of the Great Horde are held in special esteem. Kazakhs see themselves not as individuals but as part of the group. From an early age children are taught ...

Advantages and disadvantages of the commercial use of strong Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of the commercial use of strong cryptographic products - Essay Example Private keys are not supposed to be revealed or transmitted to any other individual. On the other hand, secret-key systems have to be transmitted through a communication channel or manually since the same key used for decryption is also used for encryption. In this case, the might be serious threat of an enemy discovering the secret key when it is being transmitted (Guo and Jin 2011). In addition public-key systems can provide signatures digitally thus preventing repudiation. During authentication through secret-key systems, there is the need of sharing secrets and in other cases it requires the involvement of a third party. This third party can go against the other members and repudiate a message that was previously authenticated and claim the shared secret was compromised. For example, a company may involve a central database that keeps copies in its secret-key system authentication. If this central database is attacked, a widespread forgery on the product of this company would occur. Public-key authentication can prevent this forgery and secure the products of the company. Cryptography has the disadvantage of speed during encryption. Some encryptions methods are faster than others but they take time to encrypt. In order to maximally reduce the time used during encryption, it is advisable to combine several methods to obtain security advantages and speed. This is done by using public-key systems together with secret-key systems. Public key-systems have the advantage of security while secret key systems have the advantage of speed. This protocol is normally referred to as digital envelope (Mollin 2001). The creation of the code used in the encryption and decryption process takes time. For one to figure out the best code to use they have to be an expert in that field and at the same time is patient. This makes the process of make the process of cryptography a hectic and tiring one. In the past sending a code from one person

The Amazon Smartphone Launches Tech's Costliest War Essay

The Amazon Smartphone Launches Tech's Costliest War - Essay Example Allen and was published on July 03, 2012 in Forbes. The above mentioned article is about a leadership based issue. The article refers to another article published in Vanity Fair and written by Kurt Eichenwald regarding Microsoft’s inability to keep a sustained pace of growth since 2000. It alludes to the fact that inept and destructive management techniques adapted by Microsoft are the core reason behind the company facing downfall in various areas it has attempted to enter, such as music, books and social networking among others. After witnessing the considerable fall of Microsoft, Kurt Eichenwald, the author himself interviewed employees of Microsoft to recognize the core reason behind such a scenario in the company. From the feedback, he has identified the problem of Microsoft. The primary problem is the functioning process where the employees had to vote forcefully in order to measure the certain mass of employees’ performance as top, good, average, and poor perform ers. Furthermore, the team of Microsoft that introduced a new idea of screen touch e-reader model was told by the Microsoft officials not to come up again with this kind of ideas but rather to work on the software development dimension which will bring more profit for the company. This has been a bane for the company in terms of behavior and practice of Microsoft officials, which discourage employees to introduce new innovative ideas further in future (Allen). After reviewing the article, it is assumed that Microsoft has been incorporating poor management practices as well as unfavorable organizational structure, for which the functionality and the performance of...The above mentioned article is about a leadership based issue. The article refers to another article published in Vanity Fair and written by Kurt Eichenwald regarding Microsoft’s inability to keep a sustained pace of growth since 2000. It alludes to the fact that inept and destructive management techniques adapted by Microsoft are the core reason behind the company facing downfall in various areas it has attempted to enter, such as music, books and social networking among others. After witnessing the considerable fall of Microsoft, Kurt Eichenwald, the author himself interviewed employees of Microsoft to recognize the core reason behind such a scenario in the company. From the feedback, he has identified the problem of Microsoft. The primary problem is the functioning process where the employees had to vote forcefully in order to measure the certain mass of employees’ performance as top, good, average, and poor performers. Furthermore, the team of Microsoft that introduced a new idea of screen touch e-reader model was told by the Microsoft officials not to come up again with this kind of ideas but rather to work on the software development dimension which will bring more profit for the company. This has been a bane for the company in terms of behavior and practice of Microsoft official s, which discourage employees to introduce new innovative ideas further in future. The organizational structure can be defined as the schedule made by the top management for running the operational processes smoothly and systematically in order to achieve the fundamental objectives.

Psychological Measures Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychological Measures - Article Example A person can be diagnosed properly once a Beck Depression Inventory has been administered. The score ranges from 0 - 63 because 21 measures of behaviour are either at a level of 0 (never), 1, 2 or 3 (frequently) allowing a concrete measure to establish whether an individual has depression or not. An analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory measure, the environment where a Beck Depression Inventory result will be most effective, and a description of who can determine a person's BDI are listed in the following paragraphs. A Beck Depression Inventory scale asks four questions, each increasingly more representative of a depressive disorder diagnosis, in 21 different categories. The 21 items in a Beck Depression Inventory are feelings of sadness, frustration over the future, being a failure, anhedonia, guilt, deserving punishment, disappointment with self, self-blame, suicidal ideation, crying, irritability, losing interest in others, indecisiveness, physical appearance, ability to work, sleep problems, fatigue, appetite, weight loss, concerns about health, and sexual disinterest. A measure of 17 is the cutoff point to the Beck Depression Inventory score. One article uses a sample of 16 grade 9 students and 16 grade 11 students to create an analysis that demonstrates a Beck Depression Analysis.

Conditions for the Haber Process

Conditions for the Haber Process In this essay I will find out what are the best conditions for the production of the maximum yield in the Haber process, by running simulations of the Haber process at different conditions to determine the best conditions. From the Experiment I found that the lowest temperature possible and the highest pressure possible would provide the best conditions to operate the Haber process at for the maximum yield possible. Introduction The Haber process is an important Process used in chemical Industry to manufacture Ammonia from Nitrogen and Hydrogen that originate in the air. The reason why its very important is it turns an inert gas Nitrogen (N2) and a very volatile and reactive gas Hydrogen (H2) into ammonia which is a stable compound but reactive enough to be used in different aspects. Why was the Haber process discovered? During the First World War Britain Cut off Germany Supply route to Chiles salt peter natural deposits. Since the Allies (Russian Empire,  United Kingdom,  France,  Canada,  Australia,  Italy, the  Empire of Japan,  Portugal  and the  United States) has gained control over the natural deposits of saltpetre from natural deposits found in Chile, therefore cutting off Germanys access to materials that the needed to produce necessary items such as food, guns, bombs other war materials.   Germany has to find ways to produce its own hence the Haber process which was discovered in 1909 by a German chemist named Fritz Haber to produce ammonia was set into industrial scale in 1913; the produced ammonia was later processed into a Synthetic Form of Chile saltpetre Introduction The Haber process is the process that uses extracted nitrogen from the atmosphere and reacts the nitrogen (N2) gas would react with 3 moles of hydrogen (H2) gas by using a medium temperature around 473K-673K (200- 400 °C) High atmospheric pressures such as 250 atmospheres (25331250 Pascal) and a catalyst to create ammonia (NH3). Due to advancements made to technology we are able to do reaction at extremely high temperatures such as 2300K (2026 °C) and we know that a reaction occurs faster when conducted at the highest temperature possible but the Haber processs success is not calculated on the speed of the reaction but on the yield of the ammonia that is produced during the reaction. Although increasing the temperate would surly increase the rate of reaction in a normal forward reaction the problem with using this method on the Haber process is its not a normal forward reaction type of reaction but is an equilibrium type of reaction. The Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. N2(g) nitrogen + 3H2(g) hydrogen Very High heat, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) ammonia Reducing the temperature will cause the equilibrium system to change the point of equilibrium to minimise the effect of the change, and hence it will produce more heat due to an increase the exothermic reaction therefore causing the wanted increase in the yield of ammonia. N2(g) nitrogen + 3H2(g) hydrogen Low heat, High pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) ammonia However, the rate of the reaction at very lower temperatures is exceptionally slow, and so a higher temperature should be used to increase the speed of the reaction which results in a lower yield of ammonia but a temperature low enough to create more ammonia than use in the reverse reaction hence we have the final equation is an which an above normal ammonia production. N2(g) nitrogen + 3H2(g) hydrogen High Temperature, Low pressure, catalyst http://www.avogadro.co.uk/chemeqm/eqm_sign.gif   2NH3(g) ammonia Increasing the pressure condition of the haber chamber causes the equilibrium position to shift to the right resulting in an increased yield of ammonia because ammonia has more gas molecules (more moles) on the left hand side or the forward reaction of the equation (4 in total 3 Hydrogen and 1 Nitrogen) than there are on the right hand side or backwards reaction of the equation (2 in total 2NH3). N2(g) nitrogen + 3H2(g) hydrogen High Temperature, Low pressure, catalyst 2NH3(g) ammonia Increasing the pressure means the system will have to adjust to reduce the effect of the change, which is reducing the pressure built up by reducing the amount of moles that can be located in the equilibrium reaction. Uses as ammonia One of nitrogens upper most important uses is in making ammonia (NH3), which is a colourless gas with a strong odour, similar to the smell of urine because urine contain some most definitely contains ammonia. The production of ammonia changes the non oxidation properties of nitrogen as the Oxidation reaction. Pharmaceuticals Used in the manufacture of drugs such as sulphonamide which inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria buy the removal of replacing the aminobenzoic acid for the synthesis of folic acids and minerals as well as vitamins and thiamine. Fertilizer An important usage of ammonia is in the making of fertilizers. Ammonia can be used directly as fertilizer by adding it to irrigation water because plants need a good supply of nitrogen in order to grow and which ammonia is able to provide. It is also used to produce the urea (NH2CONH2), which is also used as a fertilizer. Another important use of ammonia is to create nitric acid (HNO3), which is then also used to make fertilizer. The Haber Process didnt lonely provide the Germans with Saltpetre but revolutionized the agriculture industry with an increased yield in crop production enabling them to continue. Cleaning Products Many people use household ammonia as a disinfectant. Nitric acid-made form ammonia-is used in explosives. Ammonia is also used in the plastic industry and as a feed supplement for livestock. The dipole moment of this compound and this is consistent with its geometry, a triangular pyramid due to its electronic arrangement obeying the octet rule, Four pairs of electrons three bonding pairs and one lone pair repel each other giving the molecule the triangular pyramid shape of bond angles of 107 degrees is close to the tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees. The electronic arrangement of the valence electrons in nitrogen is described as sp3 hybridization of atomic orbitals. The NH3 molecules and their ability to make hyrodgen bonds explains thir polarity and high solubility of ammonia in water. A chemical reaction occurs when ammonia dissolues in water as it acts as a base acquiring a hydrogen ion from H2O to ammonium and hydroxides ions NH3(aq) + H2O(l) http://www.avogadro.co.uk/chemeqm/eqm_sign.gif NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) The production of hydroxide ions when ammonia dissolves in water gives the solution of ammonia its alkaline characteristics (basic properties), The double arrow in the equation states that an equilibrium has been reached between the dissolved ammonia gas and ammonium ions The ammonium ion acts as a weak acid aqueous solution because it dissociates to form Hydrogen ion and ammonia. (Shakhashiri, 2008) This is why dissolved ammonia is used in cleaning products because its able to react with both and acid stain and alkaline stain meaning its an all round cleaning products even though the acid is weak its strong enough to deal with domestic stains. Explosives Sodium Nitrate is a Chemical compound with the chemical compound of NaNo3 has been referred to as Chile saltpetre before. And is produced by a reaction of a metal and an acid to produce a salt and is highly soluble in water. (Quote) Sodium Nitrate can be used as a fertilizer and as a material from the production of explosive gunpowder. Naturally gun powder is a rapid burning compound made of Carbon (C12) potassium nitrate, KNO3 and Sulfur and is used in guns because of its capacity to burn in a rapidly producing enough pressure to propel a bullet and not explode. (Quote) Sodium nitrate has antimicrobial properties when used as a food preservative. It can be used in the production of nitric acid by combining it with sulfuric acid. It can used as a substitute oxidizer used in fireworks as a replacement for potassium nitrate commonly found in gun powder. Because sodium nitrate can be used as a Phase Change Material it may be used for heat transfer in solar power plants. Imporantance of Nitrogen Nitrogen gas (N2) is often used as a substitution for air which is a mixture of 78% nitrogen 78%), Oxygen 20%, and 1% of other gases such as Water Vapour Argon and Carbon dioxide (0.03%). where oxidation is unwanted. One area for use is to maintain the freshness to food products by packaging them in nitrogen gas to reduce the fermenting of food due to its properties for preventing oxidization which can cause Rancid unpleasant odour or taste of decomposing oils or fats (http://www.school-for-champions.com/chemistry/nitrogen_uses.htm). Argon has been used as replacement for air in light bulbs to prevent the heated tungsten filament from reacting with the oxygen found in air because Argon is an inert gas but is expensive so ammonia can be reverted back to Nitrogen gas by the process gentrification to replace Argon in light bulbs and is cheaper inert material than Argon. Nitrogen is also used as a controlled storage and Transportation measure food packages due to its capacities to be used as a noble gas, to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and is now used during storage to displace most of the oxygen in the containers http://www.igs-global.com/nitroswing/hdlg.htm, for the purpose of slowing down the reparation and deterioration of food as proven in biochemistry as in aerobic respiration 32 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecules and 2 ATP molecules are created from one glucose molecule which is a clear sign that respiration and deterioration of food occurs at 16 times slower during anaerobic respiration which respiration without the presence of oxygen, than respiration occurring aerobically which is respiration with oxygen present. Investigation Design To do this Investigation I will be using a simulator that allow we to change the conditions of the Haber process chamber and notice the change in the yield and work out the direction that the equiliburm will take with extra options such as catalysis. Firstly I had to decide what the 2 variables I would be looking at during this investigation and decided that the dependant variable will be the yield of ammonia that I would receive from running the simulations. The Controlled variable will be the temperature and atmospheric pressure that the reaction will be taking place. Another variable that I looked at was if the reaction will be taking place in the presence of a catalyst of not. It was decide that due to the lack of acquiring two or more simulations that were able to run the haber process reaction in the presence of a catalyst The uncontrolled variable would be required in this reaction because the aim of the reaction is to achieve a dynamic equilibrium which is a reaction in which the forward reaction and backward reaction are equal in a closed environment. Meaning all variables and atoms present are controlled and accounted for. Set both simulations at the same pressure and temperature to and begin the reaction recorded both results and create a table of results and find the mean of both tables. Redo the experiment changing the controlled variables every time and recording the yield of the reaction at those conditions Create a Graph using both the mean table to display the results that where shown in the table. This Is the haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature of 300oC and 191 atmospheric pressure. Which will give me the amount of ammonia produced in grams and will be working out in percentage of the nitrogen used to allow compatibility of the 2 different simulations that one will be using. Is the Haber process taking place without the presence of an iron catalyst at the temperature that the Chateliers Principle indicates will be the most effective in the promotion of increasing the Yield. Because this Simulation cannot give the yield of the Haber process ammonia moles or grams I have to change the data received from the first simulation into compatible data. Results From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states icreasing the pressure will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the right side of the reaction resulting in an increased yield of ammonia since there are more gas molecules Simulation 2 (changing the Pressure but keeping the Temperature at 150) From these results obtained in the diagram above we notice an increase in yield as we increase the pressure of the reaction while keeping the temperature the same which agrees with the information placed in the beginning of the introduction which states the Chateliers Principle states increasing the temperature will cause the equilibrium position to shift to the left side of the reaction resulting in a lower yield of ammonia because the forward reaction is exothermic. And the 0.8 ( r) shows that there is a high positive correlation between the yield amount The Curve tends to show that if the pressure was increased any more that 1000 the increment in the production of ammonia may not be justified for the amount of effort that will be put into creating a haber process camber at that atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium expression for this reaction is: Keq = [NH3]2 [N2][H2]3 Temperature (oC) Keq 25 6.4 x 102 200 4.4 x 10-1 300 4.3 x 10-3 400 1.6 x 10-4 500 1.5 x 10-5 As the temperature of increases, the equilibrium constant decreases as the yield of the ammonia decreases. http://nawabi.de/chemical/ammonia.asp The results of the Ka test agree with the graphs that simulation 1 and simulation 2 provided. As the Ka increases the PH reduces towards the more acidic range meaning the NH3 concentration increases meaning for the best yield of the Haber process, industry must obtain the highest level Ka. Conclusion In conclusion the from the graphs and from the working out of the Keqi can state that the best conditions to process the haber process under is the lowest temperature that is usable because it increases the yield of the haber process in a linear regression which is a positive feedback increase in the yield of ammonia the optimized temperate was 200oC because it provided the highest yield. The other condition that was optimized during this experiment was pressure and after the experiment I found that the highest possible pressure is the optimum condition for this reaction to take place under. Because it gave the highest yield of ammonia compared to lower pressures which all provided lower yield. Evaluation The simulations that were used during this Essay were accurate enough to accept as possible theoretical yield but did not take into account of the possibility that some materials would be lost during the preparation for the haber process. It would have been better if I had more simulations and different type of simulations to check if the results I received from using these simulations were accurate or not and would increase the reliability of this experiment. The limitations to using this method were the some simulations couldnt operate a catalyst which limited the amount of results I was able to obtain and didnt factor in any cost effectiveness into the reaction. The haber process occurring in the presence of a catalysis does not affect the amount of NH3 that is produced by the reaction yet it only hastens the reaction by lowing the activation energy is takes for atoms to react. This would increase the rate of reaction without taking into consideration the geometric position that theses atoms need to react. A catalyst is a chemical that is used in a chemical reaction to speed up the rate of reaction with out the compound being used up in the reaction itself, meaning after the reaction the catalyst retains its structure and physical properties it had before the reaction took place. It works by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. The iron catalyst acts as a platform on which the Nitrogen and hydrogen atoms will bind on to before under going the reaction. The binding on to the catalyst is creates a transactional compound N2(g) nitrogen + 3H2(g) hydrogen Fe http://www.avogadro.co.uk/chemeqm/eqm_sign.gif   2NH3(g) ammonia Another Factor that I should have researched was the rate of reaction and possibly to the cost effectiveness of having a lower rate of reaction over the time effectiveness of having a high rate or reactions. Looking at the effect that the rate or reaction would have on at equilibrium And working out possible ways to reduce the forward reaction to increase the yield of ammonia by adding a rate determining step for the forward reaction to encourage the forward reaction to reaction and produce ammonia but would discourage the backward reaction from according either by adding third party molecule such Sulphuric acid to create ammonium sulphate and can easily to separated by heating to 235oC because it sublimes to create ammonia and sulphuric acid and the gases are at different weights meaning using a gases filtration method and condense then separately. (NH4)2SO4(s) NH3(g) + H2SO4(g) http://image.tutorvista.com/content/equilibrium/reversible-reaction-equilibrium-state.gif Another improvement would be to calculate the H of the reaction while looking at G and S of the reaction to allow to choose the most accurate best conditions for the reaction and most accurate cost effective option for the reaction. Because the having a positive H means the need more energy placed in which reduces the cost effectiveness of the reaction but may increase the yield of the ammonia while the G which measure reactions ability to reaction at room temperature which would increase the rate of reaction and the low temperature would mean the equilibrium would shift and allow the ammonia to be created in much more yield making the reaction cost effective and maximum conditions for the maximum yield. By working out the S and H I could use them to work out the amount of unused heat which is lost to the surroundings during the reaction, after this work out which reaction conditions provide the less heat lost to the surrounding while still providing an acceptable amount of yield. Af ter working out the H, G and S if would help me make a more informed decision on which of the reaction conditions provided current industry yield and cost and work out which conditions provided either current industry yield at a lower cost or improved yield at a higher cost and ultimately work out which conditions produced greatest yield and at the lost possible cost. Another improved for this experiment would be increasing the range of pressure that was used during the simulations because I noticed in the graphs that increasing the pressure post 1000 would make the production of ammonia not as effective as lower pressures are.

The Invincible and the taking over of technology :: essays research papers

In recent years, new advances in technology have freed people from tedious tasks, enabling them to do more in less time. We have come to rely excessively on this technology, to the point that we may be giving computers too much intelligence and independence. If machines ever develop intelligence on a level that could challenge humans, will they find that the most efficient course of action for humans is removing them? Stanislaw Lem’s novel The Invincible tells of a race of robots that dwell on a planet and come to threaten the lives of a crew looking for their sister ship, The Condor. Robots were placed upon the planet millions of years ago and evolved according to the environment. They needed to destroy anything that would cause their species to discontinue, including humans. The Invincible proves that the advancement of intelligent machines will threaten our society one-day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history, humans have become fascinated with how far technology may someday take us. Works of science fiction through literature and entertainment have made it possible to uncover potential future developments. Levels of technological advancements are at an all time high, while computing power is set increase dramatically in coming decades. Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel, predicted, in what is now known as Moore’s Law, that the processing power will double every 18 months. This and the development of quantum computers may account for new tools toward artificial intelligence. Some have looked at this upcoming enhancement in artificial intelligence with anticipation and others with dread. Professor Hans Moravec, well known for his belief that machines will inherit the earth, believes that it is only the next logical step in evolution. Mechanical machines are capable of far greater learning and development and will therefore replace biological humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Leslie, professor of philosophy at Guelph Univerisy, predicted a number of ways these intelligent machines may cause the extinction of mankind. The super intelligent machines may argue to themselves that they are superior to humans. They may also develop the theory that the only way to save humans, is to save us from ourselves. They may eliminate some of us due to overpopulation trends or disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we do not currently possess the ability to create such complex intelligence, many who are studying this field have thought of ways to prevent an intelligent machine takeover. Isaac Asimov, a quintessential author of more than 500 science fiction works, developed a group of fundamental rules humans would give to intelligent machines in order protect themselves.

Instant Noodle Market: An Economic Indicator in the Philippines Essay

INTRODUCTION Background of the Study With the Philippines’ worsening economy, people are becoming more concerned with their expenditures and are shifting their consumption to cheaper alternatives. Such an alternative for food is instant because these instant noodles are not only tasty and filling, but also very cheap. These three qualities have made it very popular among consumers who are tightening their budget. This paper aims to show that the increasing popularity and sales of this instant noodles are directly related to the worsening condition of the Philippines’ economy. When consumers experience lower income and lower level of spending power they tend to substitute cheaper, lower quality goods for relatively more expensive, higher quality goods. In this light, instant noodles are becoming an indicator of the country’s economic performance. Additionally, this increased consumption of instant noodles brings about many health and economic implications. Statement of the Problem In the current deteriorating state of the Philippine economy, instant noodles, because of their affordability and convenience, are slowly replacing traditional food staples and at the same time, becoming an economic indicator. In this research, the author focus on how instant noodles are gaining popularity in the Philippines in relation to this product’s characteristics and the influences of the economy and income per capita. The paper would also solve the following questions: how the consumption level of instant noodles is indicative of the country’s economic activity? What are the implications that the growing consumption of instant noodles may have on the Philippine economy and the health of the population? Importance of the study More knowledge on this topic could prove useful to understanding how the instant noodle market could become an effective gauge of a country’s performance and the state of living. In addition, by delving into the subject, more information may be made available and would allow future studies to look more closely on how instant noodles may be improved to further benefit the general population. Also, the growing industry may be prove to be useful as a mechanism of providing labor and other forms of economic benefits for the country. As poverty continues to be rampant and resources remain scarce, instant noodles may prove to be a solution to some of the problems faced by the Philippines today. Scope and Limitation of the Study The research will focus on the consumer activity of households with relatively low income and how it would relate to the economy. The survey for this paper will be conducted with 30 respondents at Brgy. 617, a relatively impoverished urban community situated in Sampaloc, Manila. The interview will also take place in the said barangay. Subject: Accounting Subject of Topic: Instant Noodles Topic: The effects of noodles to those family who has low income Purpose: The purpose of this research is to further increase the understanding of how the economic state of a country affects its consumers’ behaviors towards instant noodles or even similar products. Title: Instant Noodles Becoming a Replacement for Traditional Food Staples in Brgy. 617 Sampaloc, Manila and an Indicator of the Philippine Economy.

Funny Earth Day Quotes

Funny Earth Day Quotes Discussing pollution, global warming, and a dying planet can be quite onerous. To impress the urgency of the situation, and yet make matters light, you need a dash of humor. Here are some funny Earth Day quotes to make your point clear. Not only do these quotes nail the issue, but also they can stir up the masses. Today we need more hands to help us save Earth. We need to channel efforts right from the grassroot level. The powerful lobbies of wealthy industries need to be sensitized to the degradation of the environment that happens due to careless and wanton use of resources. Are we ready to clean up our act? If you think it is time to stir the hornets nest, let us work towards saving our planet. Let humor pave the way for meaningful dialogue. Dwight D. Eisenhower Farming looks mighty easy when your plow is a pencil, and youre a thousand miles from the corn field. Henry David Thoreau What is the use of a house if you haven’t got a tolerable planet to put it on? Thank God men cannot fly, and lay waste the sky as well as the earth. Stephanie Mills Environmentalists have long been fond of saying that the sun is the only safe nuclear reactor, situated as it is some ninety-three million miles away. Edward Abbey Our modern industrial economy takes a mountain covered with trees, lakes, and running streams and transforms it into a mountain of junk, garbage, slime pits, and debris. Marshall McLuhan There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew. Robert Orben There’s so much pollution in the air now that if it weren’t for our lungs there’d be no place to put it all. Bill Vaughn, The Portable Curmudgeon Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them. Ralph Nader The use of solar energy has not been opened up because the oil industry does not own the sun. Dave Barry Not all chemicals are bad. Without chemicals such as hydrogen and oxygen, for example, there would be no way to make water, a vital ingredient in beer. Dan Quayle It isnt pollution thats harming the environment. Its the impurities in our air and water that are doing it. Dave Foreman Our environmental problems originate in the hubris of imagining ourselves as the central nervous system or the brain of nature. Were not the brain, we are a cancer on nature. George Carlin Oh Beautiful for smoggy skies, Insecticided grain, For strip-mined mountains majesty Above the asphalt plain. America, America, Man sheds his waste on thee, And hides the pines with billboard signs, From sea to oily sea.

movie research paper

movie research paper movie research paper Corina Gracia Comp 1 Professor Jackson March 20, 2012 The Book of Eli The Book of Eli is a Post-Apocalyptic action movie Written in 2007 by Gary Whitta and subsequently rewritten in 2008 by Tony Peckham. This movie has some details that make of this movie different, and interesting. With starring of Denzel Washington as Eli and Gary Oldman as Carnegie we would begin to feel, compassion and anger. The character Eli is a very strong person but he also is manner, and pacifist. In the case of Carnegie it is totally the opposite, he is a controller, abuser and is obsessed with a book in order to control the town. However, this two characters are very well development, throughout the movie they reveals their abilities, and limits to defend or obtain a mysterious book. The Book of Eli was filmed in New Mexico in 2009 and was directed by Allen and Albert Hughes. The movie took place in the future after a nuclear war. The war left the new world desolated. Many things from the â€Å"old world† were lost, such as knowledge of how to read or write, peace, j obs, and etcetera. Also money did not existed people interchange articles for favor or other goods. The water is a treasure and was very hard to find and obtain, and due to the lack of food, there were many cannibals in the region. That world was such a mess, it looked like a desert, and many things and buildings were destroyed. As a consequence, of the war ignorance was very present in young people. The â€Å"evil persons† wanted to take control over the world, but they need to have very mysterious and powerful book. Eli’s mission is to protect it from everything and everyone; even to kill if was need it. The story starts thirty years after a post-apocalyptic war, Eli was told by a voice to take the book and to deliver a copy to a safe location in the West Coast of the United States. Throughout the movie Eli show his survival abilities, and also why he was the chosen. Eli’s way to think was different, as is his way to live. He is a nomad person who chose to accept the mission. He has surprising abilities such as good listener and smeller, quick hand with knives, guns, and etcetera. In comparison with other characters he has something special and never seen in a post-apocalyptic, like the messiah type before. After the long walk of thirty years, Eli faces his opponent Carnegie who is the leader of the hijackers, he proclaims himself as the ruler of a dusty village. He knows perfectly about the power that the book has in order to bend the people to his will. What makes the movie more unique is the way that the twins, Allen and Albert Hughes made some comic book scenes when Eliâ €™s battle showed entirely in silhouette. The movie has an interesting sunburn browns and pale blues that creates a dry and dusty world under a merciless sky. Being a post-apocalyptic movie it has some biblical references in the book of genesis, psalms and revelations in some scene. In addition some scenes can also be referred to Moses when he was going to the Promised Land, and God sustained his people. In comparison with Jesus, his mission was to â€Å"be the one who save the new generation†. Another aspects of the movie are irony and personification; an example of irony was when Eli gives the mouse a piece of roasted cat. And an example of personification was at the end when Eli arrives to the West and the color change more vivid meaning the end of an era. Allen and Albert Hughes have not shot a film since 2001 with the movie â€Å"From Helen†. Both movies are violent and have bloody action scenes. On the other hand, it was wonderful to see two powerful actors on the same screenplay.

St. Augustines Confessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

St. Augustines Confessions - Essay Example They could be left behind for some time to strategize on ways to steal the pears without being conspicuous. On the day the crime was committed everything went as planned as the theft was a success. The narrator was able to take home some pears. However, the theft of the pears did not seem to provide him with the comfort he had imagined. He did not have much of the pears. The narrator points out that what drove them to steal was greater than peer pressure and the need to have a taste of the pears (Section 9). They always had the urge to steal which would introduce him to the feeling of sin. Different from other group members, his only objective from stealing the pears was to experiences sin. However, he terms sin as a spiritual need strong enough to justify his actions. In his explanation of sin, they argued that sin was a personal choice influenced by choice accompanied by a need. However, they pointed out that this need is more of a self-realization of satisfaction or quest. In this case, they asked God to provide him with the pleasure of is actions which they yearned for (Section 12). From a young age, the narrator always wanted to have the feeling of committing sin. From all the stories and narrations on sin, the envy for sin became a need strong enough to influence justification of their actions. As his peers envied the pears, the narrator envied the feeling one had when they had committed a wrong. They wanted to experience and be part of sin. In addition, they wanted to find pleasure in doing it. The narrator further explains that it would be more interesting if they could be made be responsible for the crime they had committed. To further provide light on the reasons that he influenced theft of pears, the narrator describes theft as ugly; there was nothing beautiful about you (Section 12). In addition, the narrator declares their love for theft; what did I love in you (Section 12). Regardless of the nature of sin,

Innovation policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation policy - Essay Example 3). "In addition to the industrial policies that governments pursue in line with their political philosophies and models of economic growth, some governments develop public policies with varying degrees of explicitness, intended to encourage innovation" (Dodgson and Bessant 1996, p.23). To illustrate the role of government in the process of innovation, Shonfield (1981) postulated as his point of entry that public policy-makers need not, or more strongly should not, be concerned with economic innovation, and the to ask what conditions have to be fulfilled by market processes to secure an optimum outcome. This was his first step in his argument: even if it could be shown that the market process was deficient, it would not follow that intervention by public authorities would produce a better answer. Shonfield goes on saying that if markets were to go on their own without intervention from the government as to how they would manage the scientific environment, markets should be able to provide innovators the necessary environment for them to carry their work. This would include the necessary perks to encourage people to innovate. As discussed by Shonfield (1981, p.4), another problem is the measurement: calculating social preference. Social preference here means which projects the society wants to prioritize and those types of innovations that the society wants to set aside for the moment This is partly because market signals are necessarily limited to expressing the preferences of contemporaries. Shonfield's third requirement is that markets must be able to regulate the effects of economic innovation on public goods. On the other hand, Branscomb and Florida (1999) cited the importance of the government's role in support of science and technology on regulating the two kinds of so-called "spillovers." "Knowledge spillovers (italics mine) derive from the public good nature of knowledge, combined with the difficulty of keeping economically useful knowledge secret when it is profitably exploited. Such spillovers can be derived from reverse engineering, when some aspects of a competitor's technology may be discovered by examining how the product is made. Even negative information, the abandonment of a line of work by a respected competitor, for example, can be a useful spillover of his decision" (Branscomb and Florida 1999, p. 30). Branscomb and Florida's second type of spillover is the consumer surplus spillover, which results from the creation of new goods or the improvement of existing ones. "The innovator captures only part of the consumer value in the sales price; there may be a social surplus that exceeds the innovator's profit. Research tends to generate more knowledge spillovers, which is a reason for government support, but research, by itself, cannot generate more knowledge spillovers. Private firms have inadequate incentives (to varying degrees, depending on market structure and other considerations) to take new ideas to market. Furthermore, the transfer of potential useful ideas from the government or university