Mongols in the Middle East

The Mongols were raiders, clan warriors, and rulers of a transcontinental empire in the thirteen century. Also referred to as the Tatars and barbarians, they conquered Persia in the lead moving on to Europe with the khan of khans, Genghis Khan as their close to important leader. Eventu completelyy the Mongols made an empire for themselves which is kn deliver as the largest nigh empire in conception history.In Europe, the Mongols first attacked Hungary in the twelvemonth 1241. They smashed all military opposition in Poland and the Balkans in front regrouping to advertise west. The Mongol impingement of all Europe could have been completed in the course of a course. However, an unexpected message arrived to call back all Mongols to Genghis Khan. Europe was snap offly delivered. But Islam was non.By the year 1220, the Mongols had captured Samarkand and Bukhara. And, in the year 1255, the Mongol rulers of Persia went to war against the Caliph of Islam in Baghdad. Led by Geng his Khans grandson, Hulagu Khan, they invaded Syria and Palestine, and in 1258, captured Baghdad, destroying the city and killing the Abbasid Caliph in the process.Baghdad, before the Mongol invasion, was one of the centers of intellectual activity for the entire globe. By attack the center, the Mongols pretty much snuffed bulge the intellectual flowering of the time. Besides, the city had had its husbandry supported by a canal network thousands of years in age. The Mongols also destroyed the physical structure of Baghdad before therefore referred to as the City of Peace by filling in the irrigation canals and go outside(a) Iraqtoo depopulated to restore them. The barbarians had killed around eighty thousand peck of Baghdad. after(prenominal) Baghdad, the Mongols marched westward, but were halted at Ayn Jalut, one of the decisive battlefields of history effective Nazareth in Israel. In the year 1260, the Turkish and Egyptian forces routed the Mongols at Ayn Jalut, thereby p reventing the enemy from attacking Egypt and North Africa. The Golden Horde Mongols of Russia sided with the Turks and the Egyptians to turn against their own kind.By coming into contact with the Muslims through invasions, countless Mongols began to embrace Islam. Ghazan Khan Mahmud, a Mongol ruler, officially adopted Islam as the religion of the put forward at the dawn of the fourteenth century. During this period, the Mongols built mosques and schools, and patronized all sorts of scholarship. consequently again, Tamerlane, the world conqueror, appeared among the Mongols, leading the barbarian forces to sweep down on cardinal Asia, India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria occupying Aleppo and Damascus and threatening the Mamluks. The Muslims survived their invaders. Nonetheless, the damage had been done. Some of the regions occupied by the Muslims in the past did never recover to the full, and the Muslim empire never fully regained its enormous power held in the past.The Mongol invasions ha ppened to be a major cause of subsequent decline that set in throughout the heartland of the Arab atomic number 99. The Mongols, in their sweep through the Muslim world, had killed and deported innumerable scholars as well as scientists destroyed libraries along with their irreplaceable works and thereby set the gift for general intellectual decline in the oculus East. By wiping out the invaluable cultural, scientific, and technological legacy thatthe Muslim scholars had been preserving for some five degree Celsius years the Mongols had left an indelible mark on the minds of the Middle easters. After the Mongols, the Middle East never really reached the height of intellectual advantage it once had reached.The Mongols came to rule the entire Middle East except for Egypt. traditionally the worshippers of heaven, the Mongols had believed in their divine right to rule the entire world. The Muslims in the Middle East had also believed in their own supremacy until this time. This is because the Holy Quran had referred to the believers as the best of communities raised on earth. The Mongol invasions were a bitter shame for the Muslims of the Middle East, seeing that they showed how the great Muslim Caliphate could be routed easily by a band of barbarians.A serious setback for the Muslims of the Middle East, Mongols govern the Middle Easterners from Persia instead of Baghdad, crushing the Arab sense of superiority in the process. The master had turned into subjects. This, indeed, was an important lesson for Middle Easterners, seeing that the events of the centuries to come held even greater blows in store for them.Muslim historians have asserted that the Mongol invasion of the Middle East was a punishment from God for the rulers of the Muslim world that had turned to corruption. Moreover, God does not tolerate arrogance on the part of a race that comes to rule another. The Middle Easterners had, by this time, seen tremendous successes almost everywhere in the world. And yet, the Abbasids had overthrown the Umayyads, thereby setting the stage for Middle Eastern decline. This is because Islam does not set brother against brother. It may very well be that rulers from the Middle East had begun overthrowing one another for power alone rather thanIslam. In fact, the same pattern was applied among the Mughal emperors of the subcontinent, who too were eventually overthrown by outsiders.When the Ottomans were overthrown by outsiders after the First World War, it was a monitor for the Muslim world. As a matter of fact, the Mongols were brought to mind. Once again, the Muslim Caliphate had been done away with.One of the reasons cited by Muslim scholars for the fall of the Muslim Caliphate is that many of the caliphs who came after Prophet Muhammad and his friends, Abu Bakr, Usman, Umar, and Ali were defeated because they had built grand empires at the cost of discarding thoughts about the afterlife. In fact, right up to the Ottomans, the Musli ms had formed a truly brainy empire.Harems were common, and there was just too much excitement over blase affairs to let the afterlife be of much concern to the rulers as well as their subjects. In actuality, Muslims are meant to be focused on the afterlife instead of worldly affairs. Even though the grandeur of David and Solomon is not disdained, many of the caliphs of Islam after the first few ones are truly cognize to have turned too much attention on worldly affairs. This, according to Muslim historians, was one of the chief causes of Middle Eastern decline.The Mongols hold up in the consciousness of the Middle Easterners today as a reminder of the brutal past a past for which only they were held responsible. The reminder is beneficial. In point of fact, the history of the Mongols among the Middle Easterners is only meant to bring the Muslims of the Middle East closer to God, and the real spirit of Islam.